Convention concerning the Territory of Memel, 1924
Annex I
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Article 27. The Lithuanian and the German languages shall be recognised on the same footing as official languages in the Memel Territory.
Inter-School Convention (with Latvia), 1931
Article 1
Latvia shall open and maintain primary schools or special classes for children of Lithuanian origin, irrespective of religion, and Lithuania shall maintain and open primary schools or special classes for children of Latvian origin, irrespective of religion, if the number of children from 7 to 14 years of age required to attend these schools is not less than 20 within the boundaries of a commune (urban or rural) and within an adjacent zone of not more than 3.5 kilometres beyond it.
Article 2
If the number of pupils in a school of not more than two divisions exceeds 40 and in a school of three or more division exceeds 35, two teachers shall be engaged for each of those schools.
Article 3
If the number of pupils of Lithuanian origin in a Latvian school, or the number of pupils of Latvian origin in a Lithuanian school is less than 20 but more than 9, the mother tongue of those pupils shall, on the express desire of their parents, be taught to them as a special subject.
Children whose parents are of different origin shall attend the school chosen by their parents.
Article 4
The schools mentioned in Article 1 shall be opened by the education authorities, at the request of persons or organisations concerned, in accordance with the present Convention. These schools shall be maintained and provided with all the necessary equipment by the respective communes or Ministries of Education, the teachers’ salaries being paid by the State.
Article 5
Teachers shall be appointed or dismissed in accordance with the laws in force in the respective States.
Persons who have acquired the right to teach in Latvia shall enjoy this right in Latvian schools or classes in Lithuania. Persons who have acquired the right to teach in Lithuania shall enjoy this right in Lithuanian schools or classes in Latvia.
The heads of the primary and secondary schools in question must have a knowledge of the Latvian and Lithuanian languages.
Teachers who are nationals of the other Contracting Party shall be allowed to teach, subject to the consent of the Minister of Education.
Article 6
Lessons in the schools mentioned in Articles 1 and 7 of this Convention shall be given in the mother tongue of the pupils. The language of the State shall be taught to the pupils of primary schools as a compulsory subject, beginning with the second year, and in other schools to pupils of all the classes. The curricula shall be drawn up in accordance with the regulations in force in the respective States. These curricula shall also include the history and geography of the other contracting country.
Article 7
A percentage of all expenses falling to the charge of the State in respect of the upkeep of High schools and secondary schools, calculated according to the number of inhabitants of Lithuanian origin in Latvia and of Latvian origin in Lithuania, shall be borne by the State concerned, in respect of the upkeep of Lithuanian high schools and secondary schools in Latvia and of Latvian high schools and secondary schools in Lithuania.
Article 8
Should parents domiciled within the boundaries of either Contracting State wish to send their children to schools of their nationality situated within the boundaries of the other State (for instance, in the case of Lithuanians in Latvia, to schools in Lithuania and vice versa) no obstacle shall be placed in their way by either Party.
The regulations concerning a knowledge of the language, history and geography of the State of which the pupils are nationals shall be drawn up by the Ministries of Education of the two Contracting Parties.
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Document data for the Memel Convention: 08.05.1924. Link: http://www.worldlii.org/int/other/treaties/LNTSer/1924/194.pdf A couple of links to photos illustrating the practice of bilingual signage in the area during the interwar period: https://www.facebook.com/groups/278369222287176/permalink/1567269880063764/ & https://www.facebook.com/juodkrantesbendruomene/photos/a.1965877523537722/1965918660200275/ A couple of links to bilingual documents from the area at the time: https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10221009869590116&set=a.1835664985057&type=3&theater & https://www.facebook.com/groups/278369222287176/permalink/1680571375400280/ A photo depicting the refusal from the practice by Nazis – https://kauno.diena.lt/naujienos/klaipeda/miesto-pulsas/kaip-klaipeda-tapo-naciu-laikinuoju-krastu-906496 (also can be found at https://www.facebook.com/senosfotografijos/photos/a.10153214705026976/10156158899911976/?type=1&theater )
Some other photos documenting multilingualism in now-Lithuanian territory: https://www.facebook.com/InTheBaltic/photos/a.259768941208682/962654797586756/ (Wilno/Vilnius, 1912)
Document data for the Inter-School Convention: 25.01.1931 Link: http://www.worldlii.org/int/other/treaties/LNTSer/1931/144.pdf